====== 状态方程和观测方程 <math display="block">\begin{aligned} \vec{x}_{k+1} & = \vec{f}(\vec{x}_{k},\vec{u}_k,k) + \vec{w}_{k+1} \\ \vec{z}_k & = \vec{h}(\vec{x}_k,k) + \vec{v}_k \end{aligned}
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其中,<math> \vec{x}_k <\math> 为n维状态向量